Catarrh is a common condition but can be described as a number of different things, such as:
- The feeling of mucus at the back of your nose
- A build-up of phlegm in your throat
- A continuous desire to clear your throat
Most people will experience catarrh as a symptom of the common cold, which alleviates quite quickly, but others can suffer from it more persistently and for several years at a time. Chronic catarrh can feel like constantly having a cold without any of the other usual symptoms.
Two types of catarrh have been identified:
- An excess of mucus that runs out of your nose (rhinitis)
- A sensation of an excess of mucus that you are unable to clear from your nose or throat.
Catarrh, often characterized by a stuffy or runny nose, can be a frustrating and persistent condition. While it's commonly associated with allergies or infections, recent research suggests that the underlying causes may be more complex.
What are the causes of Catarrh?
Here's a breakdown of the potential factors contributing to catarrh:
1. Sensory Abnormalities
Nerve Dysfunction: Research indicates that catarrh might be linked to abnormalities in the nerves that sense the presence of mucus in the back of the nose and throat. This could lead to a perception of excess mucus, even when there's only a normal amount.
Misinterpretation of Sensations: The brain might misinterpret these sensations, leading to a feeling of congestion or a need to clear the throat, even though the nasal passages are clear.
2. Chronic Inflammation
Low-Grade Inflammation: While not a direct cause, chronic inflammation in the nasal passages can contribute to catarrh. This inflammation can lead to increased mucus production and a feeling of congestion.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to irritants like pollutants, allergens, or certain medications can trigger or exacerbate chronic inflammation.
3. Psychological Factors
4. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Catarrh Symptoms
It's important to note that these are just a few potential causes of catarrh, and the specific factors contributing to the condition may vary from person to person.
Aside from the feeling of mucus in the back of the nose or throat, there are a number of other symptoms of catarrh, including:
Catarrh Cough - A persistent cough associated with catarrh can be caused by excessive mucus production, irritation of the throat, or post-nasal drip. Allergies, infections, GERD, environmental factors, and certain medications can exacerbate these symptoms.
Catarrh Ears - Catarrh can often lead to blocked ears, difficulty hearing, and even temporary hearing loss. This is due to the accumulation of mucus in the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. When these tubes become blocked, it can create a vacuum effect in the middle ear, causing pressure and discomfort. This can result in muffled hearing, a feeling of fullness, crackling or dragging sensations in the ears and in some cases, temporary hearing loss.
Catarrh Nose - Catarrh often manifests as a combination of nasal congestion such as blocked, stuffy, and runny noses and is often characterised wth ineffective nose blowing. The accumulation of mucus in the nasal passages can lead to a feeling of congestion or blockage. Additionally, the excess mucus can cause a runny nose, leading to frequent sneezing and discomfort. Over time, chronic catarrh can contribute to the development of nasal polyps. These are small, non-cancerous growths that form in the lining of the nasal passages. They can further obstruct airflow, making breathing difficult and exacerbating the symptoms of catarrh.
Catarrh Phlegm - Catarrh phlegm is a thick, mucus-like substance that is produced in excess during episodes of catarrh. It can be clear, white, yellow, or green in color, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. This phlegm often accumulates in the back of the throat and can be difficult to clear, leading to a persistent cough and discomfort. In some cases, the phlegm may be tinged with blood, especially if there is underlying inflammation or irritation in the nasal passages or sinuses. It can often create a sensation of choking or that there is something stuck in the throat.
Catarrh Eating and Nausea - Catarrh can significantly impact your eating habits due to a variety of symptoms. The congestion and discomfort associated with catarrh can make swallowing difficult, leading to a reduced appetite and potential weight loss. Additionally, the constant irritation in the throat and nasal passages can cause nausea, making it unpleasant to eat. In some cases, individuals with catarrh may find that dairy products exacerbate their symptoms. This is particularly true for those with underlying allergies or intolerances. By avoiding dairy, some people may experience relief from their catarrh symptoms and improve their ability to eat comfortably.
How long does Catarrh last?
The duration of catarrh can vary greatly, both with and without treatment. Mild cases may resolve within a week or two, while severe cases or those caused by underlying conditions can last for several weeks or months. Appropriate treatment can significantly shorten the duration of catarrh and alleviate symptoms.
How to relieve Catarrh
Catarrh can be relieved through a combination of home remedies and lifestyle changes. Staying hydrated, using a humidifier, and rinsing your nasal passages with saline solution can help alleviate symptoms. Avoiding irritants, elevating your head, and managing stress can also contribute to recovery. However, if your catarrh persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Is there Catarrh medication?
There are various medications available to treat catarrh. The specific medication recommended will depend on the underlying cause and severity of your symptoms.
Here are some common types of catarrh medications:
Decongestants: These medications help reduce nasal congestion and swelling.
Antihistamines: If your catarrh is caused by allergies, antihistamines can help block the effects of allergens.
Nasal corticosteroids: These medications can help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and improve airflow.
Cough suppressants: If you have a persistent cough associated with catarrh, cough suppressants can help reduce coughing.
Expectorants: These medications can help thin mucus and make it easier to cough up.
It's important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate medication for your specific needs. They can assess your symptoms, identify any underlying causes, and recommend the best course of treatment.
Please note that while over-the-counter medications can provide temporary relief, severe or persistent catarrh may require prescription medications.
How is Catarrh Diagnosed?
Catarrh is typically diagnosed based on a combination of your medical history and a physical examination. Your doctor will likely ask about your symptoms, such as a stuffy or runny nose, congestion, sneezing, and coughing. They may also examine your nose and throat to look for signs of inflammation or mucus buildup.
Catarrh Treatment
Unfortunately, there is no cure for chronic catarrh. Some sufferers find partial relief from their symptoms by using saline nasal rinses, which can be purchased over the counter or made at home. These need to be used regularly (3-4 times a day) and for a long period of time. Those who also have a runny nose will find a steroid nasal spray helps their symptom. After a consultation with one of our ENT consultants, they can advise you on the best course of treatment and may prescribe you some further medication.
