Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. The scarring causes stiffness in the lungs which makes it difficult to breathe.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the UK, with around 47,000 people diagnosed each year. It develops when cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably, forming tumours that can affect breathing and spread to other parts of the body.

Lung nodules are abnormal growths that develop in the lungs. Most lung nodules are non-cancerous and don’t require treatment.

Sleep apnoea is a sleep condition in which patients stop breathing for short periods while sleeping, causing disruption to sleep architecture. Common symptoms include loud snoring and daytime tiredness. Untreated patients suffering from OSA increase their risk of developing serious health problems including strokes, heart failure, and hypertension. This risk rises in proportion to the severity of sleep apnoea so measuring the severity can guide treatment decisions.

There are several sleep related breathing disorders that effect patients balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. This can have serious health impacts on both the patient’s lifestyle and physical health.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, life-long condition that causes damage to the lungs making breathing increasingly difficult over time.

The feeling that your nose is blocked is often referred to as nasal obstruction, a stuffy nose or nasal congestion. Patients are affected by nasal obstruction in different ways. Click here to find out more.

Most people will experience catarrh as a symptom of the common cold, which alleviates quite quickly, but others can suffer from it more persistently and for several years at a time.

A Cholesteatoma is disease of the ear, which develops when trapped skin forms a slowly expanding mass in the middle ear space and mastoid bone.

A chronic cough is a continuous cough that lasts longer than 4 weeks. If you have a chronic cough, it's important to see a specialist who can exclude serious underlying illnesses such as cancer, vocal fold paralysis or tuberculosis, and provide effective treatment.

Unable to hear in one of your ears.

Discharge that comes out from the ear, that has a foul smell, and is thick or watery.

A perforated eardrum is where a hole occurs in the eardrum - either due to injury or infection. In most cases, a perforation will heal by itself, but surgery is sometimes required to repair the damage.

Otalgia, or ear pain, can be caused by a number of factors including infections and problems with the jaw. A diagnosis and recommendation of treatment can be made by an ENT specialist.

Dysphonia usually occurs because of either a change in the shape of the surface of the vocal folds or in the way the vocal folds move. Both situations may lead to incomplete closure of the vocal folds when they come together causing irregular vibrations and thus irregular voice. Find out more here.