Acne occurs when follicles or pores become clogged with sebum (the oily substance that protects the skin), bacteria, or dead skin cells. When clogged, pores can become inflamed, sore and filled with pus.
There are several factors that can cause acne or trigger a breakout, including:
Genetic predisposition - you have a higher risk of developing acne if one of your parents or a close blood relative had severe acne.
Changes in hormone levels - androgen hormones increase during puberty and cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum, which can lead to spots. Hormone changes that occur during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy can also cause breakouts.
Certain medications - drugs containing corticosteroids, testosterone or lithium can cause breakouts.
Smoking - nicotine may cause breakouts of blackheads and whiteheads.
Certain foods - diets high in sugar, dairy or processed carbohydrates may make acne worse.
Stress - can increase inflammation in the body, aggravating existing acne.
Certain beauty products - oily makeup or skincare products and certain hair care products may aggravate existing acne and cause breakouts.
It’s important to know that acne is not caused by poor hygiene. In fact, excessive cleansing can irritate the skin and make acne worse.