A urethroplasty is a surgical procedure which is performed to repair damage or scarring to the urethra, with the aim of restoring normal urine to flow.

A hydrocele repair is the removal or repair of a fluid-filled sac (hydrocele) surrounding the testicle.

Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin from the penis. It’s often carried out on newborn babies, for religious or cultural reasons, but can also be performed as a treatment for certain medical conditions.