Parkinson’s Disease

The exact cause of Parkinson's disease isn’t fully understood, but it’s believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Researchers have identified several factors that may contribute to the development of the disease:

• genetic factors – in some cases, Parkinson's disease can run in families, indicating a genetic component, and certain genetic mutations have been linked to an increased risk of developing the condition

• environmental factors – exposure to certain environmental toxins may increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease

• trauma – head injuries have been associated with a higher risk of developing the disease

• alpha-synuclein aggregation – in Parkinson's disease, abnormal clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein accumulate within neurons in the brain. These clumps, known as Lewy bodies, are thought to play a role in the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons

• dopamine deficiency – the reduction of dopamine in the substantia nigra leads to the motor symptoms associated with the disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia

• oxidative stress and inflammation – oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain can cause neuronal damage and cell death, which may contribute to the development of Parkinson's

To diagnose Parkinson’s disease, as well as taking your medical history and reviewing your symptoms, our neurologists use a combination of tests and assessments. Blood tests are typically not needed. Other tests may include:

• a neurological examination
• observation of characteristic signs
• imaging of the brain

There’s no guaranteed way to prevent Parkinson’s disease, but certain lifestyle habits may reduce overall neurological risk, including:

• maintaining a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats

• staying physically active with regular exercise to support brain and cardiovascular health

• managing cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol

• limiting alcohol consumption

• engage in mentally stimulating activities and social interaction to support cognitive function

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive condition, so your symptoms will worsen over time. Treatment can help you manage these symptoms, but unfortunately, Parkinson’s cannot be cured.

The treatment of Parkinson's disease aims to manage your symptoms, improve your quality of life, and slow down the progression of the condition.

Our neurologists will work closely with you to develop a personalised treatment plan that’s tailored to your individual needs, which can include a combination of medications, therapies, and, in some cases, surgical interventions.

The following are some of the common treatment options for Parkinson's disease:

• medications – these include dopamine replacement agents, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors

• deep brain stimulation (DBS) – a surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes in specific brain regions, which deliver electrical impulses to help regulate abnormal brain activity and improve motor symptoms

• physical therapy – this can help improve balance, mobility, and flexibility, and can promote strength to reduce your risk of falls

• occupational therapy – this treatment focuses on assisting you with performing daily tasks more effectively and safely

• speech therapy – therapists can work on exercises with you to improve your speech clarity and strengthen your swallowing muscles

• support and counselling – these can provide emotional support and help you and your family cope with the challenges of living with Parkinson's disease

It's important to know that while these treatments can effectively manage symptoms, there’s currently no cure for Parkinson's disease. Your neurologist's approach to your treatment will likely be adjusted over time as the disease progresses or in response to changes in your symptoms and individual needs. Regular consultations are important in monitoring the condition and ensuring you receive the most appropriate care.

At Welbeck, our neurologists are experts in their field and are dedicated to providing world-class care to every patient.

With access to colleagues across other specialties, our consultants are also able to refer within the Welbeck ecosystem if required to ensure you receive the treatment you need as quickly as possible, all under one roof.  

All appointments, testing, treatment, and follow-up appointments take place within our state-of-the-art facilities, enabling us to deliver accurate diagnostics and advanced treatments.

Your health is important to us, so we strive to offer same-day appointments whenever possible.

Our consultants are recognised by the major health insurance companies. If you have private health insurance, your treatment at Welbeck can begin once you have obtained authorisation. We also provide care to self-paying patients. Learn more about the different payment options at Welbeck.

Get in touch today to book an appointment.

Are there strategies to manage tremors in daily life?

Simple techniques like using weighted utensils, wearing wrist supports, and pacing movements can make daily tasks easier. Occupational therapists can provide personalised strategies for any specific challenges you have.

Can exercise improve symptoms even after diagnosis?

Yes, regular physical activity, including walking, stretching, balance exercises, or classes designed for Parkinson’s, can improve mobility, reduce stiffness, and support your overall health.

Can Parkinson’s affect my speech or communication?

Yes, you may notice that Parkinson’s causes you to speak more softly, slur certain words, or have a more monotone voice. Speech therapists can provide exercises and strategies to help you maintain clear communication and confidence.

Can Parkinson’s disease affect my digestion or bladder control?

Some people experience constipation, slower digestion, or changes in bladder control as the disease progresses. Lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and guidance from your specialists can help you manage these symptoms effectively.