Alzheimer’s disease

The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is not yet fully understood, and it likely involves a complex mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

While the cause of Alzheimer's is unclear, researchers have identified certain contributing factors that play a role in the development of the disease:

• genetics: while most cases of Alzheimer's disease are sporadic (occur without a clear family history), certain genes have been associated with an increased risk of developing the condition

• age: age is the most significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The likelihood of developing the condition increases with age, and the majority of people diagnosed with Alzheimer's are 65 years or older

• abnormal protein deposits: the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease show the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, which disrupt normal cellular function and communication in the brain, leading to the death of nerve cells

• inflammation: chronic inflammation in the brain may contribute to the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease

• vascular factors: some research suggests that high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes, may be associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease

• environmental and lifestyle factors: certain lifestyle factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, smoking, and lack of mental and social stimulation, may increase your risk of developing the condition

To diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, as well as taking your medical history, our neurologists use a combination of tests and assessments to rule out other conditions and confirm cognitive decline. These may include:

• cognitive and neuropsychological tests
• physical examination
• neurological examination
• blood tests 
• MRI, CT or PET scans of your brain
• cerebrospinal fluid tests

There’s no guaranteed way to prevent Alzheimer’s disease, but certain lifestyle habits may reduce risk or delay onset, including:

• maintaining a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats

• staying physically active with regular exercise to support brain and cardiovascular health

• keeping mentally and socially active through reading, learning new skills, and social engagement

• managing cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol

• avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption

• prioritising good sleep and managing stress to support overall brain health

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive condition, so the symptoms will worsen over time.

Alzheimer's cannot be cured, but with the right support, people can live well for years after the diagnosis.

Currently, there’s no cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, there are medications and treatments available to help manage the symptoms and slow disease progression. 

At Welbeck, our specialists work closely with you to develop tailored treatment plans that target symptoms and support your unique needs. 

Treatments for Alzheimer's disease include:

• donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine – these are drugs known as cholinesterase inhibitors, which work by increasing the brain concentrations of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning. They can slow down cognitive decline and are the mainstay treatments worldwide for mild dementia

• memantine – this drugs works on glutamate, another neurotransmitter in the brain. It can provide some benefits in moderate to severe dementia and may help improve cognitive symptoms and overall functioning

• supportive therapies – various therapies, such as counselling, behavioural interventions, and psychosocial support, can be beneficial in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease

• lifestyle modifications – engaging in regular physical exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and staying mentally and socially active may help slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease and improve overall well-being

The new anti-Alzheimer medications, lecanemab and donanemab, are not currently being prescribed at Welbeck. While licensed for use in the UK, they are not recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) for use in the NHS. This relates not just to cost but also to concerns about the size of the benefit in light of significant risks such as brain swelling and brain bleeds.

While Welbeck is not involved in clinical trials, our neurologists have strong links with NHS and university centres running trials of new Alzheimer treatments and can advise on involvement in trials.

Support and resources

At Welbeck, we understand that receiving a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s can feel overwhelming. Our neurologists work closely with you and your family to create a personalised plan — combining medication, lifestyle strategies, and supportive therapies — so you feel supported at every stage.

For additional guidance, the Alzheimer’s Society (UK) and Dementia UK provide excellent resources on living with Alzheimer’s, the impact on caregivers, and the importance of advanced care planning.

At Welbeck, our neurologists are nationally recognised experts in their field and are dedicated to providing world-class care to every patient.

With access to colleagues across other specialties, our consultants are also able to refer within the Welbeck ecosystem if required to ensure you receive the treatment you need as quickly as possible, all under one roof.  

All appointments, testing, treatment, and follow-up appointments take place within our state-of-the-art facilities, enabling us to deliver accurate diagnostics and advanced treatments.

Your health is important to us, so we strive to offer same-day appointments whenever possible.

Our consultants are recognised by the major health insurance companies. If you have private health insurance, your treatment at Welbeck can begin once you have obtained authorisation. We also provide care to self-paying patients. Learn more about the different payment options at Welbeck.

Get in touch today to book an appointment.

What early signs of Alzheimer’s should I look out for?

Early signs of Alzheimer’s can include forgetfulness that disrupts daily life, difficulty planning or solving problems, trouble finding the right words, misplacing items, or changes in mood and personality. Noticing these symptoms early can help with timely assessment and support.

Can Alzheimer’s disease affect sleep patterns?

Changes in sleep are common – people with Alzheimer’s may have trouble falling asleep, wake frequently at night, or experience increased daytime sleepiness. Establishing a consistent sleep routine and calming bedtime habits can help manage these changes.

How might Alzheimer’s impact my decision-making and daily independence?

Alzheimer’s can make planning, problem-solving, or handling finances more challenging for you over time. Early planning and support, like simplifying tasks, using reminders, or involving trusted family members, can help you maintain independence and reduce stress.

Can music or creative activities help people with Alzheimer’s?

Yes, music, art, and other creative activities can stimulate memory, improve mood, and provide a sense of enjoyment.