A perforated eardrum is where a hole occurs in the eardrum - either due to injury or infection. In most cases, a perforation will heal by itself, but surgery is sometimes required to repair the damage.

Otalgia, or ear pain, can be caused by a number of factors including infections and problems with the jaw. A diagnosis and recommendation of treatment can be made by an ENT specialist.

Dysphonia usually occurs because of either a change in the shape of the surface of the vocal folds or in the way the vocal folds move. Both situations may lead to incomplete closure of the vocal folds when they come together causing irregular vibrations and thus irregular voice. Find out more here.

Endometriosis is a gynaecological condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (womb) grows elsewhere in the body. It can cause pelvic pain, heavy periods and other symptoms, and can make it harder to get pregnant.

Urinary incontinence is an involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency or strong desire to void.

A tumour is the name for any kind of swelling or growth and can be benign or malignant. The most common type to occur in the sinonasal cavity are benign – they grow slowly and do not invade adjacent structures.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person.

Fibroids are benign growths of the muscle that makes up the womb. They are very common and may be present in up to 40% of women in the UK.

Rather than being a diagnosis in itself, tinnitus is a symptom, and it’s a term we use for any situation where you are hearing a sound that isn’t coming from an outside source. Find out more here.

The thyroid gland is a small gland, shaped like a butterfly or bow-tie that lies in the lower part of the neck around the windpipe and voice box. Larger more noticeable nodules occur in up to 2/3rds of adults. Find out more here.

Swallowing disorders (dysphagia) refer to difficulty in swallowing foods, liquids or saliva, or the sensation of something “sticking” in the throat or chest.

Gallstones are collections of crystals of various substances in the bile. They look like small stones or gravel and they grow in the gallbladder.

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is an abnormal growth of cells that begins in the stomach and can affect any part of the stomach.

There are many reasons why an individual might suffer from a sleep disorder and symptoms may vary.

Gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common digestive disorder where acid from the stomach leaks up into the oesophagus.